Charles h



C. H. GUNN.

WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- 19, I918.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

INVENTOR. (fialia [7. Glam A TTORNEY WASHINGTON, .C..

UNITED STATES PATENT @hhlfihl.

crmnnns I-I. cuniv, or EMERYVILLE, CALIFORNIA.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

Application filed October 19,1918. Serial No. 258,773.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES H. GUNN, a citizen of theUnited States ofAmerica, residingat Emeryville, in the county of Alameda, State ofCalifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inWrenches; and]: do declare the following to be a clear, full, and exactdescription of the same,reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which forma part of thisapplication.

This invention relates to improvements in wrenches, and particularly toa type of socket wrenchtobe used where there are a great many nutsofjthe same size to be tightened, and many of which are in out-ofthe-wayplaces and at an angle to the surrounding surfaces, being particularlyadapted to be used on ships under construction, in which the aboveconditions are strikingly evident.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a wrench with whichthe nut may or looking any one part against the other.

A still further object of the invention is to make such a wrenchwith'all its working parts concealed so that no dirt can clog the same,and yet constructit so thatthe various parts may be easily and quicklydisassembled if desired.

I have also produced such a wrench as will be simple of construction andeasy of operation and yet extremely efiicient for the purposes for whichit is designed.

These objects, I accomplish by means of such structure andrelati-yearrangement of the parts as will fully appear by a perusal of thefollowing specification and claims.

On the drawings, similar characters of reference indicate correspondingparts in the several views.

Figure 1 is a side elevatlon of my 11nproved wrench, partly broken away.

Fig. 2- is an end elevation, partly in section.

Fig. 3 is a detached view of a combined ratchet and socket member.

Fig. 4 is aview showing the wrench being used on a nut situated betweentwo proiectlons.

W-Referring now more particularly to the characters of reference on thedrawings, thenumeral 1 designates a forked member providedwith athreaded lower end 2 and a plain extension 3 therebeyond, which isadapted toreceive a tapped and hollow handle member 4:. Y

This handle is provided with a spring clip 5 near its upper end, whichis adapted to catch and hold the end of a pipe-6 which may be slippedover the handle 4 to lengthen the same if it is desired to gain greaterleverage :for thewrench. In .theupper end of the fork of the member 1,and diametrically opposed, are bushings 7 slidably mounted therein, inwhich bushings turn cap screwsS threaded into a ring 9. The

bushings? terminate short of the heads of the cap screws, there.beingspring washers 10 interposed in the space thus formed,

which washers forcethe bushings constantly against the ring 9. By theuse of these washers any wear of the bushings 7 against the ring 9 isalways taken up, and when the ring is turned at an angle to thev handlefor thepurpose of turning up any out of the way nuts, the handle willmaintain its angle relative to the ring on account of the vise likepressure of thebushings against the ring.

Mounted to the inner face of the ring are a plurality of pawls 11 curvedto con;- form to the periphery of the ring 9 and all pointing outwardly,but one-half of the numher being positioned in staggered relation to theremaining half. Each set of pawls is adapted to engage with ratchets 12formed integral with a socket member 13, and projecting inwardly from aknurled flange 1d thereon which extends over the outer edge of the ring9, the outer edges of the ratchets being circular to form a working fitin the ring-9. 1

Lugs 1 project outwardly from both sides of the forks of the member 1,and ex tend somewhat beyond the faces of the members 13, in order thatthe wrench may be held against the structure being bolted, and themember 13 be spaced therefrom so that the nut may be tightened by handby turning on the knurled flange 14 as far as it is possible to do so.

The central portion 13 of this member 13 projects beyond the ratchet andis cored out to form a square or hexagonal orifice 15 to fit a nut orbolt head of the size and shape desired.

There are two of the members 13, each being half the width of the ringinside their flanges, both halves being adapted to be secured togetherby screws 16, and one of them having lugs 1r projecting from its innerface, which lugs seat in orifices suitably positioned in the adjacentface of the other one of the members 13.

The ratchets on both of said members point in the same direction, thepawls being held in contact with the ratchets by means of springs llpressing thereagainst. The

staggered position of these pawls distributes the strain equally on bothsides of the socket members 13, no matter which side should be incontact with a nut, thus eliminatin any tendency of the screws 16 andlugs I? to twist off.

When using this wrench, it is only necessary to put the socket over thenut and pull on the handle until the lmnt of operating clearance of thehandle has been reached, then push on the handle till the starting pointhas been reached, then pull again, and so on. This method of course ap)lleS to a right-hand threaded bolt. If a left-hand bolt is encountered,or it is desired to loosen any nut already tightened, it is evident thatit is only necessary to turn the wrench over and place the socket overthe nut with the other member 13 nearest the bolt. In order to make iteasier for the user to knowwhich side to use at a glance, without thenecessity of trying it out, I would mark each outer face of the members13 with the words Right and Left, respectively, with an arrow toindicate the direction of motion of the handle.

If the nuts to be placed should be on a lower plane than the surroundingsurfaces, as for instance between two ribs on a ship as illustrated inFig. 4, or angled to such surfaces, the handle 4: may be angled relativeto the bolt and the socket members 13, as said handle is swivellymounted to the ring 9 and the socket members therein by means of thescrews 8. This, as will be seen, permits of a quick and easy tighteningof any bolt, no matter in what position it Copies of this patent may beobtained for five cents each, by addressing may be relative to thestructure of which it forms a part, or to the workman, the angle atwhich the handle is set being normally maintained by the frictionalpressure of the bushings 7 against the ring 9. If desired, a set ofmembers 13 having different sized orifices therein may be provided withthe wrench, as it is a simple matter to remove any pair of said membersand insert another pair.

Thus, from the foregoing description it will readily be seen that I haveproduced such a device as substantially fulfils the objects of theinvention as set forth herein.

While this specification sets forth in detail the present and preferredconstruction of the device, still in practice such deviations fromsuchdetail may be resorted to asdo not form a departure from the spirit ofthe invention, as defined by the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and useful anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A wrench comprising a forkedhandle,

a ring pivotally mounted between the forks, a socket member turnable inthe ring and having flanges extending over both edges of the ring, thesocket member having ratchets between the flanges formed integraltherewith, and spring pressed pawls in the ring adapted to engage theratchets, the ratchets and pawls being thus prevented from contact withoutside and destructive forces.

2.-A wrench comprising a forked handle,

a ring pivotally mounted to the handle between the forks thereof, aplurality of pawls mountedin the ring, springs bearing against thepawls, one-half the number of such pawls being in staggered relation tothe other half, and a pairof socket members secured together andturnably mounted in the ring, each of the members having ratchets forengagement with its respective set of pawls, and each having a flangeextending over the outer faces of the ring, whereby the pawl and ratchetmechanisms are inclosed and dirt and dust prevented from contacttherewith.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

CHARLES H. GUNN.

WVitnesses VERADINE WARNER, BERNARD PRUAT.

the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0.

